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Java 9 改进的 Optional 类
Java 9 新特性Optional 类在 Java 8 中引入，Optional 类的引入很好的解决空指针异常。。在 java 9 中, 添加了三个方法来改进它的功能：
- stream()
- ifPresentOrElse()
- or()
stream() 方法
语法
public Stream<T> stream()
stream 方法的作用就是将 Optional 转为一个 Stream，如果该 Optional 中包含值，那么就返回包含这个值的 Stream，否则返回一个空的 Stream（Stream.empty()）。
实例
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Optional<String>> list = Arrays.asList (
Optional.empty(),
Optional.of("A"),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.of("B"));
//filter the list based to print non-empty values
//if optional is non-empty, get the value in stream, otherwise return empty
List<String> filteredList = list.stream()
.flatMap(o -> o.isPresent() ? Stream.of(o.get()) : Stream.empty())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
//Optional::stream method will return a stream of either one
//or zero element if data is present or not.
List<String> filteredListJava9 = list.stream()
.flatMap(Optional::stream)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(filteredList);
System.out.println(filteredListJava9);
}
}
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Optional<String>> list = Arrays.asList (
Optional.empty(),
Optional.of("A"),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.of("B"));
//filter the list based to print non-empty values
//if optional is non-empty, get the value in stream, otherwise return empty
List<String> filteredList = list.stream()
.flatMap(o -> o.isPresent() ? Stream.of(o.get()) : Stream.empty())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
//Optional::stream method will return a stream of either one
//or zero element if data is present or not.
List<String> filteredListJava9 = list.stream()
.flatMap(Optional::stream)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(filteredList);
System.out.println(filteredListJava9);
}
}
执行输出结果为：
[A, B] [A, B]
ifPresentOrElse() 方法
语法
public void ifPresentOrElse(Consumer<? super T> action, Runnable emptyAction)
ifPresentOrElse 方法的改进就是有了 else，接受两个参数 Consumer 和 Runnable。
ifPresentOrElse 方法的用途是，如果一个 Optional 包含值，则对其包含的值调用函数 action，即 action.accept(value)，这与 ifPresent 一致；与 ifPresent 方法的区别在于，ifPresentOrElse 还有第二个参数 emptyAction —— 如果 Optional 不包含值，那么 ifPresentOrElse 便会调用 emptyAction，即 emptyAction.run()。
实例
import java.util.Optional;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Optional<Integer> optional = Optional.of(1);
optional.ifPresentOrElse( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x),() ->
System.out.println("Not Present."));
optional = Optional.empty();
optional.ifPresentOrElse( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x),() ->
System.out.println("Not Present."));
}
}
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Optional<Integer> optional = Optional.of(1);
optional.ifPresentOrElse( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x),() ->
System.out.println("Not Present."));
optional = Optional.empty();
optional.ifPresentOrElse( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x),() ->
System.out.println("Not Present."));
}
}
执行输出结果为：
Value: 1 Not Present.
or() 方法
语法
public Optional<T> or(Supplier<? extends Optional<? extends T>> supplier)
如果值存在，返回 Optional 指定的值，否则返回一个预设的值。
实例
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Optional<String> optional1 = Optional.of("Mahesh");
Supplier<Optional<String>> supplierString = () -> Optional.of("Not Present");
optional1 = optional1.or( supplierString);
optional1.ifPresent( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x));
optional1 = Optional.empty();
optional1 = optional1.or( supplierString);
optional1.ifPresent( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x));
}
}
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Optional<String> optional1 = Optional.of("Mahesh");
Supplier<Optional<String>> supplierString = () -> Optional.of("Not Present");
optional1 = optional1.or( supplierString);
optional1.ifPresent( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x));
optional1 = Optional.empty();
optional1 = optional1.or( supplierString);
optional1.ifPresent( x -> System.out.println("Value: " + x));
}
}
执行输出结果为：
Value: Mahesh Value: Not Present
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